A critical review on diverse technologies for advanced wastewater treatment during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: What do we know?

Sasan Zahmatkesh; Kassian T T Amesho; Mika Sillanpää

doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100121

A critical review on diverse technologies for advanced wastewater treatment during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: What do we know?

J Hazard Mater Adv. 2022 Aug:7:100121. doi: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100121. Epub 2022 Jul 3.

Authors

Sasan Zahmatkesh¹, Kassian T T Amesho^{2

3}, Mika Sillanpää^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 48518-78195, Behshahr, Iran.
² Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
³ The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia.
⁴ Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁵ International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India.
⁶ Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.

Abstract

Advanced wastewater treatment technologies are effective methods and currently attract growing attention, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, for reusing water, reducing water pollution, and explicitly declining, inactivating, or removing SARS-CoV-2. Overall, removing organic matter and micropollutants prior to wastewater reuse is critical, considering that water reclamation can help provide a crop irrigation system and domestic purified water. Advanced wastewater treatment processes are highly recommended for contaminants such as monovalent ions from an abiotic source and SARS-CoV-2 from an abiotic source. This work introduces the fundamental knowledge of various methods in advanced water treatment, including membranes, filtration, Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, ozonation, chlorination, advanced oxidation processes, activated carbon (AC), and algae. Following that, an analysis of each process for organic matter removal and mitigation or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 contamination is discussed. Next, a comprehensive overview of recent advances and breakthroughs is provided for each technology. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.

Keywords: AOP, advanced oxidation process; Activated carbon; Advanced oxidation process; Algae; BOD, biological oxygen demand; COD, chemical oxygen demand; Chlorination; DBP, disinfection by-product; EPS, extracellular polymeric substances; GAC, granular activated carbon; Membrane; Micropollutants; Ozonation; PAC, powdered activated carbon; SARS-CoV-2; TOC, total organic carbon; TSS, total suspended solids; UV irradiation; UV, ultraviolet; WWTPs, wastewater treatment plants; Wastewater.

Publication types

Review