Passive Transfer of Animal-Derived Polyclonal Hyperimmune Antibodies Provides Protection of Mice from Lethal Lassa Virus Infection

Viruses. 2023 Jun 26;15(7):1436. doi: 10.3390/v15071436.

Abstract

Background: Lassa virus (LASV) can cause severe acute systemic infection in humans. No approved antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available. Antibody-based therapeutics are considered a promising treatment strategy in the management of LASV disease.

Methods: We used chimeric Ifnar-/- C57BL/6 (Ifnar-/- Bl6) mice, a lethal LASV mouse model, to evaluate the protective efficacy of polyclonal antibodies purified from sera of rabbits hyperimmunized with virus-like particles displaying native-like LASV glycoprotein GP spikes.

Results: Polyclonal anti-LASV GP antibodies provided 100% protection against lethal LASV infection in a pre- and post-exposure treatment setting and prevented LASV disease. Treatment also significantly lowered viremia level and virus load in organs. When treatment was initiated at the onset of symptoms, the hyperimmune antibodies provided partial protection and increased the survival rate by 80%.

Conclusions: Our findings support the consideration of animal-derived hyperimmune antibodies targeting GP as an effective treatment option for highly pathogenic LASV.

Keywords: Lassa fever; Lassa mammarenavirus; arenavirus; in vivo protection; neutralizing antibodies; virus-like particle.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies / pharmacology
  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Lassa Fever*
  • Lassa virus
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Rabbits

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Antibodies

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Leibniz Association, grant number J59/2018 (to L.O.) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Projektnummer 197785619/SFB1021 (to T.S.). The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.