The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Nutrients. 2023 Jul 20;15(14):3224. doi: 10.3390/nu15143224.

Abstract

Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversial.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; osteoporosis; sarcopenia.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone Density
  • Diet, Mediterranean*
  • Fractures, Bone*
  • Olive Oil
  • Osteoporosis* / epidemiology
  • Osteoporosis* / prevention & control
  • Sarcopenia* / epidemiology
  • Sarcopenia* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Olive Oil

Grants and funding

This research was funded by Institute of Health Carlos III grants (PI21-01069, PI18-01235 and CIBERFES), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Junta de Andalucía (PI-0268-2019). In addition, V.C.B. and C.G.F. were funded by postdoctoral fellowships from the Junta de Andalucía and Institute of Health Carlos III, respectively (RH-0141-2020; CD20/00022).