The spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health crisis, with the ongoing spread of ARGs leading to reduced efficacy of antibiotic treatments. The gut microbiome is a key reservoir for ARGs, and because diet shapes the gut microbiome, diet also has the potential to shape the resistome. This diet-gut microbiome-resistome relationship may also be important in infants and young children. This narrative review examines what is known about the interaction between the infant gut microbiome, the infant resistome, and infant nutrition, including exploring the potential of diet to mitigate infant ARG carriage. While more research is needed, diet has the potential to reduce infant and toddler carriage of ARGs, an important goal as part of maintaining the efficacy of available antibiotics and preserving infant and toddler health.
Keywords: antibiotics; antimicrobial resistance; diet; gut microbiome; infants; nutrition; toddlers.