Synthesis of Backbone-Modified Morpholino Oligonucleotides Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry

Sibasish Paul; Marvin H Caruthers

doi:10.3390/molecules28145380

Synthesis of Backbone-Modified Morpholino Oligonucleotides Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry

Molecules. 2023 Jul 13;28(14):5380. doi: 10.3390/molecules28145380.

Authors

Sibasish Paul¹, Marvin H Caruthers²

Affiliations

¹ Nucleic Acid Solutions Division, Agilent Technologies, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
² Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.

Abstract

Phosphorodiamidate morpholinos (PMOs) are known as premier gene knockdown tools in developmental biology. PMOs are usually 25 nucleo-base-long morpholino subunits with a neutral phosphorodiamidate linkage. PMOs work via a steric blocking mechanism and are stable towards nucleases' inside cells. PMOs are usually synthesized using phosphoramidate P(V) chemistry. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis of PMOs, phosphoroamidate morpholinos (MO), and thiophosphoramidate morpholinos (TMO).

Keywords: phosphoramidites; phosphoroamidate morpholinos (MO); phosphorodiamidate morpholinos (PMO); thiophosphoramidate morpholinos (TMO).

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Morpholinos / genetics
Oligonucleotides, Antisense*
Organophosphorus Compounds*

Substances

Morpholinos
phosphoramidite
Organophosphorus Compounds
Oligonucleotides, Antisense

Grants and funding

We would like to acknowledge The University of Colorado for the financial assistance.