Danish Linguistic Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the LIMB-Q Kids

Christopher Emil Jønsson; Lotte Poulsen; Jan Duedal Rölfing; Harpreet Chhina; Anthony Cooper; Jens Ahm Sørensen

doi:10.3390/children10071107

Danish Linguistic Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the LIMB-Q Kids

Children (Basel). 2023 Jun 25;10(7):1107. doi: 10.3390/children10071107.

Authors

Christopher Emil Jønsson^{1

2}, Lotte Poulsen^{1

2}, Jan Duedal Rölfing³, Harpreet Chhina⁴, Anthony Cooper^{4

5}, Jens Ahm Sørensen^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Research Unit for Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
² Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
³ Children's Orthopaedics and Reconstruction, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
⁴ Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.

Abstract

(1) Background: Lower Limb deformities include many conditions where pain and physical limitations negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children. The ideal way to assess this impact is by using a Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). Such a condition-specific PROM is under development, called LIMB-Q Kids. This study aimed to perform a translation and cultural adaption (TCA) of the LIMB-Q Kids for use in Danish-speaking children. (2) Methods: TCA guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) were followed. This process consisted of two independent forward translations, a reconciliation meeting, a backward translation with an assessment, an expert meeting, cognitive interviews with patients, editing based on the interviews, and proofreading. (3) Results: The TCA process contributed to the Danish version of LIMB-Q Kids. The reconciliation meeting resulted in a reconciled Danish version. The revision of the backward translation led to 16 corrections, and after the expert panel meeting, 26 changes were made. Twelve cognitive interviews led to nine changes, which were validated by two further interviews. Proofreading led to no further comments. (4) Conclusions: The TCA process led to a linguistically validated and culturally adapted Danish version of LIMB-Q Kids. This version is being used in the international field test study.

Keywords: HRQL; PROMs; TCA; health-related quality of life; lower limb deformities; patient reported outcome measure; pediatrics; translation and cultural adaption.

Grants and funding

Danish translation and cultural adaptation was supported by the “OUH Free Research Fund” [grant number 122-A5089] and the “OUH fond for Pre-graduate Stipends” [grant number A5152]. Development of LIMB-Q Kids is supported by research funding from the BC Children’s Hospital Foundation, Canadian Institute of Health Research [grant number 185870], Canadian Orthopaedic Research Legacy Grant 2017 [grant number F26-05491], Canadian Orthopaedic Research Legacy Grant 2022 [grant number F21-05567] and UBC Orthopaedics Research Excellence Fund [grant number F15-01228].