The effect of single-implant overdentures on cognitive function in older adults: A 3-year follow-up report

Yuriko Komagamine; Manabu Kanazawa; Anna Miyayasu; Yoko Uehara; Masataka Watanabe; Namano Sahaprom; Trang Bui Ngoc Huyen; Maiko Iwaki; Daisuke Sato; Shunsuke Minakuchi

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104632

The effect of single-implant overdentures on cognitive function in older adults: A 3-year follow-up report

J Dent. 2023 Sep:136:104632. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104632. Epub 2023 Jul 27.

Affiliations

¹ Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
² Digital Dentistry, University Hospital of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. Electronic address: m.kanazawa.gerd@tmd.ac.jp.
³ Advanced Biomaterials, University Hospital of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
⁴ Digital Dentistry, University Hospital of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, TMDU, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
⁵ Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.

PMID: 37506810
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104632

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment in edentulous patients up to 3 years after they received single-implant overdentures (1-IODs).

Methods: This was a follow-up study for a crossover randomized controlled trial comparing 1-IODs and conventional complete dentures, with patient satisfaction as the primary outcome. In the present study, the cognitive function of the patients, measured with the Japanese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA-J), was evaluated as the secondary outcome at baseline and 2 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after 1-IOD placement. The total and domain (memory, executive function, visuospatial skills, language, attention, and orientation) MoCA-J scores of the patients at each timepoint were analyzed and compared.

Results: Twenty-two patients with edentulous mandibles received 1-IODs. Within-group comparisons revealed that the total MoCA-J scores at 1 year and 3 years after 1-IOD placement were significantly increased compared with baseline scores. Additionally, the memory domain scores at all timepoint were significantly increased compared with the baseline scores, and the executive function domain scores at the 2-month, 2-year and 3-year timepoint were significantly increased compared with the baseline scores.

Conclusion: Patients with edentulous mandibles who underwent 1-IOD placement showed significantly improved total scores of MoCA-J after 1 year and 3 years of wearing 1-IODs. In addition, they showed significantly improved memory domain scores at 2 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after 1-IOD placement and executive function domain scores at 2 months, 2 years, and 3 years after 1-IOD placement.

Clinical significance: The results of this study suggest that 1-IOD treatment for older adults, especially those with edentulous mandibles, may prevent cognitive decline regardless of the condition of the maxilla.

Keywords: Complete denture; Edentulous patients; Impression technique; Masticatory performance; Randomised controlled trial.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Aged
Cognition
Dental Implants*
Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported
Denture Retention
Denture, Complete
Denture, Overlay*
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Mandible
Patient Satisfaction
Quality of Life

Substances

Dental Implants