AIEE activated Pyrene-Dansyl coupled FRET probe for discriminating detection of lethal Cu2+ and CN-: Bio-Imaging, DNA binding studies and prompt prognosis of Menke's disease

Abstract

In present work a pyrene-dansyl dyad functionalized chemoreceptor, DPNS is unveiled towards ultrasensitive chromo-fluorogenic detection of heavy and transition metal ions (HTMs) like Cu²⁺ and pernicious CN^-. It demonstrated distinct chromogenic responses; colorless to faint yellow (Cu²⁺), intense yellow (CN^-) from contaminant aqueous sources. Cu²⁺ instigated alteration in DPNS fluorescence from feeble emission to sparkling green with LOD: 37.75 × 10^-9 M, cyan emission for CN^- having LOD 61.51 × 10^-8M. In particular, chemical scaffold of DPNS consists of -C = N, O = S = O donor entitities that escalates overall polarity thereby providing an excellent binding pocket for simultaneous Cu²⁺ and CN^- recognition with distinct photophysical signaling. Impressively, presence of two fluorophoric moieties triggers FRET, CHEF phenomenon. The conceivable host:guest interactive pathway is manifested by LMCT- FRET-PET-CHEF, C = N isomerization for Cu²⁺ and ICT-H-bonding for CN^-. An exquisite experimental and theoretical corroboration further strengthened the recognition phenomenon. In addition owing to pyrene excimer formation, DPNS exhibits AIEE with increasing water fraction. Notably, DPNS could successfully undergo intracellular tracking of Cu²⁺ in Tecoma Stans, Peperomia Pellucida. DPNS•••Cu²⁺ adduct displayed significant intercalative DNA binding activity rationalized by spectral investigation, competitive EB binding, viscosity study. The overall findings, excellent properties endows DPNS a potential contender towards discriminative detection of Cu²⁺ and CN^- like toxic industrial contaminants.

Keywords: AIEE; Bioimaging; DNA binding; Fluorochromogenic probe; Multianalyte (Cu(2+)/CN(–)/H(2)O) detection; Theoretical Corroboration; Tritopic chemoreceptor.