Use of Dexmedetomidine During an Emergent Exploratory Laparotomy in a High-Risk Cardiac Patient With an Intra-aortic Balloon Pump

Abstract

An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) may be placed preoperatively for high-risk patients with reduced ejection fraction or multivessel coronary disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has both anesthetic and cardioprotective effects, and little evidence is present on its effect on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and bispectral index (BIS). We present the case of a high-risk cardiac patient who was admitted and required fluid optimization prior to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). An IABP was placed after failure to tolerate intermittent hemodialysis (iHD). Bowel ischemia complicated this patient's course, necessitating an urgent exploratory laparotomy with the IABP in place. DEX and 0.3-MAC sevoflurane were successfully used without perioperative cardiac complications. Continuous BIS monitoring was performed to maintain an adequate level of anesthesia. DEX should be considered as an alternative anesthetic adjuvant in high-risk and medically complex patients.

Keywords: bispectral index; dexmedetomidine; high risk cardiac; intra-aortic balloon pump; minimum alveolar concentration; sevoflurane.