Extracellular vesicle-circEHD2 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by activating cancer-associated fibroblasts

Tao He; Qiansheng Zhang; Peng Xu; Wen Tao; Fuyang Lin; Renfei Liu; Mingzhao Li; Xiaolu Duan; Chao Cai; Di Gu; Guohua Zeng; Yongda Liu

doi:10.1186/s12943-023-01824-9

Extracellular vesicle-circEHD2 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by activating cancer-associated fibroblasts

Mol Cancer. 2023 Jul 22;22(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s12943-023-01824-9.

Authors

Tao He^#^{1

2}, Qiansheng Zhang^#^{1

2}, Peng Xu^{2

3}, Wen Tao^{1

2}, Fuyang Lin^{1

2}, Renfei Liu^{1

2}, Mingzhao Li^{1

2}, Xiaolu Duan^{1

2}, Chao Cai^{1

2}, Di Gu^{1

2}, Guohua Zeng^{1

2}, Yongda Liu^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
² Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
³ Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
⁴ Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. liuydur@gzhmu.edu.cn.
⁵ Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China. liuydur@gzhmu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: The encapsulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) into extracellular vesicles (EVs) enables their involvement in intercellular communication and exerts an influence on the malignant advancement of various tumors. However, the regulatory role of EVs-circRNA in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains elusive.

Methods: The in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were implemented to measure the effects of circEHD2 on the phenotype of RCC. The functional role of EVs-circEHD2 on the activation of fibroblasts was assessed by collagen contraction assay, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism was investigated by RNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification, luciferase assay, and co-immunoprecipitation assay.

Results: We demonstrated that circEHD2 was upregulated in RCC tissues and serum EVs of RCC patients with metastasis. Silencing circEHD2 inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that FUS RNA -binding protein (FUS) accelerated the cyclization of circEHD2, then circEHD2 interacts with tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta (YWHAH), which acts as a bridge to recruit circEHD2 and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) to the promoter of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9); this results in the sustained activation of SOX9. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) regulates the package of circEHD2 into EVs, then EVs-circEHD2 transmits to fibroblasts, converting fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Activated CAFs promote the metastasis of RCC by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting circEHD2 exhibited a strong inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions: The circEHD2/YWHAH/YAP/SOX9 signaling pathway accelerates the growth of RCC. EVs-circEHD2 facilitates the metastasis of RCC by converting fibroblasts to CAFs. Our results suggest that EVs-circEHD2 may be a useful biomarker and therapeutic target for RCC.

Keywords: ASO; Extracellular vesicles; Progression; RCC; circEHD2.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts*
Carcinoma, Renal Cell*
Extracellular Vesicles*
Fibroblasts
Humans
Kidney Neoplasms*