Diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with colorectal cancer: A scoping review

Yoko Saino; Fumiya Kawase; Ayano Nagano; Junko Ueshima; Haruko Kobayashi; Kenta Murotani; Tatsuro Inoue; Shinsuke Nagami; Mizue Suzuki; Keisuke Maeda

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.025

Diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with colorectal cancer: A scoping review

Clin Nutr. 2023 Sep;42(9):1595-1601. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.025. Epub 2023 Jul 6.

Authors

Yoko Saino¹, Fumiya Kawase², Ayano Nagano³, Junko Ueshima⁴, Haruko Kobayashi⁵, Kenta Murotani⁶, Tatsuro Inoue⁷, Shinsuke Nagami⁸, Mizue Suzuki⁹, Keisuke Maeda¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Nutrition, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan. Electronic address: yk.butterfly@gmail.com.
² Department of Nutrition, Asuke Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, 20 Nakata, Yagami-cho, Toyota, Aichi 444-2351, Japan. Electronic address: fumi.kawase@gmail.com.
³ Department of Nursing, Nishinomiya Kyoritsu Neurosurgical Hospital, 11-1 Imazuyamanaka-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8211, Japan. Electronic address: aya.k.nagano@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Nutritional Service, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8625, Japan. Electronic address: j.ueshima@gmail.com.
⁵ General Incorporated Association Manabi Public Library, 306 Wakabadai, Meito, Nagoya, Aichi 465-0015, Japan. Electronic address: niwa_1377@yahoo.co.jp.
⁶ Biostatistics Center, Kurume University. 67, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan. Electronic address: kmurotani@med.kurume-u.ac.jp.
⁷ Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami, Kita-ku, Niigata 950-3198, Japan. Electronic address: tatsuro-inoue@nuhw.ac.jp.
⁸ Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan. Electronic address: shinsuke.nagami.0514@gmail.com.
⁹ Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Yamato University, 2-5-1 Katayama, Suita, Osaka 564-0082, Japan. Electronic address: bluerosemusiker@gmail.com.
¹⁰ Nutrition Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hospital, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan. Electronic address: kskmaeda1701@gmail.com.

PMID: 37480796
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.025

Abstract

Background & aims: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is associated with worse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the diagnostic methods and prevalence of SO vary among studies. Therefore, we conducted this scoping review to investigate the diagnosis of SO in CRC, identify the associated problems, and determine its prevalence.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines. A literature search was performed by two independent reviewers on studies that diagnosed SO in CRC using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Ichushi-Web (in Japanese) databases. Observational, longitudinal, cross-sectional, and clinical trials written in English or Japanese as of July 2022 were included. Studies that did not define SO were excluded from the analysis. The study protocol was pre-registered in Figshare.

Results: In total, 670 studies were identified, 22 of which were included. Eighteen studies used sarcopenia in combination with obesity to diagnose SO. Sarcopenia was mainly diagnosed using skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and only one combined with grip strength or gait speed. Obesity was diagnosed based on the body mass index (BMI; n = 11), followed by visceral fat area (VFA; n = 5). The overall prevalence of SO in patients with CRC was 15% (95%CI, 11-21%). The prevalence of SO in surgical resection and colorectal cancer liver metastases was 18% (95%CI, 12-25%) and 11% (95%CI, 3-36%), respectively.

Conclusions: SO in patients with CRC was mainly diagnosed based on a combination of SMI and BMI, and muscle strength and body composition were rarely evaluated. The prevalence of SO was approximately 15%, depending on the diagnostic methods used. Since SO in patients with CRC is associated with poor prognosis, further research on diagnostic methods for the early detection of SO and its clinical outcomes is needed.

Keywords: Cancer; Colorectal neoplasms; Sarcopenic obesity; Systematic review.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Colorectal Neoplasms* / complications
Colorectal Neoplasms* / diagnosis
Colorectal Neoplasms* / epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Obesity / complications
Obesity / diagnosis
Obesity / epidemiology
Prevalence
Sarcopenia* / diagnosis
Sarcopenia* / epidemiology