Radioactive contamination in feral dogs in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: Population body-burden survey and implications for human radiation exposure

PLoS One. 2023 Jul 20;18(7):e0283206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283206. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

This report describes a two-year effort to survey the internal 137Cs and external β-emitter contamination present in the feral dog population near the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) site, and to understand the potential for human radiation exposure from this contamination. This work was performed as an integral part of the radiation safety and control procedures of an animal welfare oriented trap-neuter-release (TNR) program. The measurement program focused on external contamination surveys using handheld β-sensitive probes, and internal contamination studies using a simple whole-body counter. Internal 137Cs burden was measured non-invasively during post-surgical observation and recovery. External β contamination surveys performed during intake showed that 21/288 animals had significant, removable external contamination, though not enough to pose a large hazard for incidental contact. Measurements with the whole-body counter indicated internal 137Cs body burdens ranging from undetectable (minimum detection level ∼100 Bq/kg in 2017, ∼30 Bq/kg in 2018) to approximately 30,000 Bq/kg. A total of 33 animals had 137Cs body-burdens above 1 kBq/kg, though none posed an external exposure hazard. The large variation in the 137Cs concentration in these animals is not well-understood, could be due to prey selection, access to human food scraps, or extended residence in highly contaminated areas. The small minority of animals with external contamination may pose a contamination risk allowing exposures in excess of regulatory standards.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Body Burden
  • Cesium Radioisotopes / adverse effects
  • Cesium Radioisotopes / analysis
  • Chernobyl Nuclear Accident*
  • Dogs
  • Food Contamination, Radioactive* / analysis
  • Humans
  • Nuclear Power Plants
  • Radiation Exposure* / adverse effects
  • Radiation Monitoring* / methods
  • Radioactive Hazard Release*
  • Ukraine

Substances

  • Cesium-137
  • Cesium Radioisotopes

Grants and funding

This study was funded by the Clean Futures Fund. However, the authors listed under the Clean Futures Fund did not receive any compensation for their time, and no financial transactions were made or distributed to any other co-author institutions. Tubbs Nuclear Consulting provided support in the form of salary for RT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.