Surface imprinted-covalent organic frameworks for efficient solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones in food samples

Li-Hong Su; Hai-Long Qian; Cheng Yang; Chuanxi Wang; Zhenyu Wang; Xiu-Ping Yan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132031

Surface imprinted-covalent organic frameworks for efficient solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones in food samples

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Oct 5:459:132031. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132031. Epub 2023 Jul 10.

Authors

Li-Hong Su¹, Hai-Long Qian², Cheng Yang¹, Chuanxi Wang³, Zhenyu Wang³, Xiu-Ping Yan⁴

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
³ Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: xpyan@jiangnan.edu.cn.

PMID: 37467605
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132031

Abstract

Molecularly imprinting on covalent organic frameworks (MI-COF) is a promising way to prepare selective adsorbents for effective extraction of fluoroquinolones (FQs). However, the unstable framework structure and complex imprinting process are challenging for the construction of MI-COF. Here, we report a facile surface imprinting approach with dopamine to generate imprinted cavities on the surface of irreversible COF for highly efficient extraction of FQs in food samples. The irreversible-linked COF was fabricated from hexahydroxytriphenylene and tetrafluorophthalonitrile to ensure COF stability. Moreover, the introduction of dopamine surface imprinted polymer into COF provides abundant imprinted sites and endows excellent selectivity for FQs recognition against other antibiotics. Taking enrofloxacin as a template molecule, the prepared MI-COF gave an exceptional adsorption capacity of 581 mg g^-1, a 2.2-fold enhancement of adsorption capacity compared with nonimprinted COF. The MI-COF was further explored as adsorbent to develop a novel solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The developed method gave the low limits of detection at 0.003-0.05 ng mL^-1, high precision with relative standard deviations less than 3.5%. The recoveries of spiked FQs in food samples ranged from 80.4% to 110.7%.

Keywords: Covalent organic frameworks; Fluoroquinolones; Molecularly imprinted polymers; Solid-phase extraction.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
Dopamine / analysis
Enrofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones / chemistry
Metal-Organic Frameworks* / chemistry
Molecular Imprinting* / methods
Solid Phase Extraction / methods

Substances

Fluoroquinolones
Metal-Organic Frameworks
Enrofloxacin
Dopamine