Prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ermiyas Alemayehu; Temesgen Fiseha; Getachew Mesfin Bambo; Samuel Sahile Kebede; Habtye Bisetegn; Mihret Tilahun; Habtu Debash; Hussen Ebrahim; Ousman Mohammed; Melaku Ashagrie Belete; Alemu Gedefie

doi:10.1186/s12902-023-01408-0

Prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Endocr Disord. 2023 Jul 18;23(1):153. doi: 10.1186/s12902-023-01408-0.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia. ermiyas0009@gmail.com.
² Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, PO.Box 260, Mizan, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Background: Hyperuricemia increases morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals. It is linked to the expansion of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases indicators, as well as being a significant predictor of coronary artery disease. It also leads to a poor prognosis and increment of diabetic complications including diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Africa.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. To identify relevant articles, we searched electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, Science Direct, Embase, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. To evaluate heterogeneity, we utilized Cochran's Q test and I² statistics. Publication bias was assessed through the examination of a funnel plot and Egger's test. The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effect model. Furthermore, sub-group and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results: The overall pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients in Africa was 27.28% (95% CI: 23.07, 31.49). The prevalence was highest in Central Africa 33.72% (95% CI: 23.49, 43.95), and lowest in North Africa 24.72% (95% CI: 14.38, 35.07). Regarding sex, the pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia among female and male type 2 diabetic patients was 28.02% (95% CI: 22.92, 33.48) and 28.20% (95% CI: 22.92, 33.48), respectively.

Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetic patients. So, regular screening and diagnosis of hyperuricemia required for preventing its pathological effects and contribution to chronic complications of diabetes.

Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (2022: CRD42022331279).

Keywords: Africa; Hyperuricemia; Meta-analysis; Prevalence; Systematic review; Type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Africa / epidemiology
Diabetes Complications*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Hyperuricemia* / epidemiology
Hyperuricemia* / etiology
Male
Prevalence