Secondary traumatic stress in partners of paramedics: A scoping review

Matthew A Hill; Jessica L Paterson; Amanda L Rebar

doi:10.1016/j.auec.2023.06.002

Secondary traumatic stress in partners of paramedics: A scoping review

Australas Emerg Care. 2024 Mar;27(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.auec.2023.06.002. Epub 2023 Jul 12.

Authors

Matthew A Hill¹, Jessica L Paterson², Amanda L Rebar³

Affiliations

¹ School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Normal Gardens, Queensland, Australia; School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: mhill1@usc.edu.au.
² Flinders Institute of Mental Health and Wellbeing, College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
³ Motivation of Health Behaviours Lab, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Normal Gardens, Queensland, Australia.

PMID: 37451885
DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2023.06.002

Abstract

Background: Paramedics experience post-traumatic stress in their work, and many paramedics turn to their intimate partner for support. However, exposure to traumatic event details can leave partners vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress. Despite substantial research into reducing stress and improving support for paramedics, few studies have investigated their partners' trauma experiences and support needs. This scoping review aimed to examine evidence regarding secondary traumatic stress in paramedic partners.

Methods: The MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, EMCare, and Sociology Source Ultimate databases were searched up to November 9, 2022. The results sections of studies published in English involving a sample of paramedic partners that examined the impact of paramedics' work-related exposure to trauma on their intimate partner were extracted for analysis. This scoping review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Key themes were generated using a framework synthesis approach.

Results: Five qualitative studies and one quantitative study were included, indicating a paucity of literature regarding secondary traumatic stress in paramedic partners. Post-traumatic stress experienced by paramedics can crossover to paramedic partners in the form of secondary traumatic stress; furthermore, it can have widespread effects on couple functioning. While paramedic partners appear to recognise the need for effective coping strategies, they perceive that little support is available to them. Notably, effective strategies aimed at reducing secondary traumatic stress in paramedic partners are limited.

Conclusion: Further research is required to quantify secondary traumatic stress severity in paramedic partners and explore relationships between post-traumatic stress, secondary traumatic stress, and couple functioning. Further, evaluation of partner support needs and barriers to accessing support is warranted.

Keywords: Compassion fatigue; Paramedicine; Paramedics; Psychological; Spouses; Stress.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Compassion Fatigue*
Emergency Medical Technicians*
Humans
Paramedics
Qualitative Research