β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Fe3O4-Supported Pd-Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes in Water at Mild Conditions

Kamrul Hasan; Ihsan A Shehadi; Reshma G Joseph; Shashikant P Patole; Abdelaziz Elgamouz

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c02332

β-Cyclodextrin-Functionalized Fe₃O₄-Supported Pd-Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes in Water at Mild Conditions

ACS Omega. 2023 Jun 22;8(26):23901-23912. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02332. eCollection 2023 Jul 4.

Authors

Kamrul Hasan¹, Ihsan A Shehadi¹, Reshma G Joseph¹, Shashikant P Patole², Abdelaziz Elgamouz¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry Group, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
² Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.

Abstract

In this study, a novel heterogeneous catalyst (Fe₃O₄@β-CD@Pd) has been developed by the deposition of palladium nanoparticles on the β-cyclodextrin-functionalized surface of magnetic Fe₃O₄. The catalyst was prepared by a simple chemical co-precipitation method and characterized extensively by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analyses. Herein, the applicability of the prepared material was evaluated for the catalytic reduction of environmentally toxic nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines. The catalyst Fe₃O₄@β-CD@Pd showed excellent efficiency for the reduction of nitroarenes in water under mild conditions. A low catalyst loading of 0.3 mol % Pd is found to be efficient for reducing nitroarenes in excellent to good (99-95%) yields along with high TON values (up to 330). Nevertheless, the catalyst was recycled and reused up to the 5th cycle of reduction of nitroarene without any loss of significant catalytic activity.