Communication inequalities in the COVID-19 pandemic: socioeconomic differences and preventive behaviors in the United States and South Korea

Woohyun Yoo; Yangsun Hong; Sang-Hwa Oh

doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16211-8

Communication inequalities in the COVID-19 pandemic: socioeconomic differences and preventive behaviors in the United States and South Korea

BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 5;23(1):1290. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16211-8.

Authors

Woohyun Yoo¹, Yangsun Hong², Sang-Hwa Oh³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Media and Communication & Institute of Social Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
² Department of Communication and Journalism, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. sunhong@unm.edu.
³ Charles H. Sandage Department of Advertising, College of Media, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.

Abstract

Background: Communication inequalities are important mechanisms linking socioeconomic backgrounds to health outcomes. Guided by the structural influence model of communication, this study examined the intermediate role of health communication in the relationship between education, income, and preventive behavioral intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and South Korea.

Methods: The data were collected through two online surveys conducted by two professional research firms in the US (April 1-3, 2020) and South Korea (April 9-16, 2020). To test the mediating role of health communication, as well as the hypothesized relationships in the proposed model, we performed a path analysis using Mplus 6.1.

Results: In analyzing survey data from 1050 American and 1175 Korean adults, we found that one's socioeconomic positions were associated with their intentions to engage in COVID-19 preventive behaviors through affecting their health communication experiences and then efficacious beliefs. Differences in education and income were associated with willingness to engage in preventive behaviors by constraining health communication among people with low levels of education and income. The findings showed notable differences and some similarities between the US and South Korea. For example, while income was positively associated with health communication in both US and South Korea, education was only significantly related to health communication in US but not in South Korea.

Conclusions: This study suggests health communication strategies such as choice of communication channels and messages to promote intention for COVID-19 prevention behaviors in particular consideration of individual differences in socioeconomic positions in countries with different cultural features. Pubic policies and health campaigns can utilize the suggestions to promote efficacy and preventive behavioral intention during early pandemics.

Keywords: COVID-19; Communication inequalities; Comparative analysis; Socioeconomic characteristics; Structural influence of communication.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
COVID-19* / epidemiology
COVID-19* / prevention & control
Health Communication*
Humans
Pandemics / prevention & control
Republic of Korea / epidemiology
Socioeconomic Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
United States / epidemiology