Acute mancozeb-fungicide exposure induces neuro-ethology disruption, health disorders, and immune-oxidative dysfunction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Rowida E Ibrahim; Mohamed A Elbealy; Gamal A Salem; Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith; Elsayed M Younis; Eman Wagih; Ahmed Asaid Elkady; Simon J Davies; Afaf N Abdel Rahman

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106630

Acute mancozeb-fungicide exposure induces neuro-ethology disruption, health disorders, and immune-oxidative dysfunction in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Aquat Toxicol. 2023 Aug:261:106630. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106630. Epub 2023 Jul 2.

Authors

Rowida E Ibrahim¹, Mohamed A Elbealy², Gamal A Salem³, Abdelwahab A Abdelwarith⁴, Elsayed M Younis⁴, Eman Wagih⁵, Ahmed Asaid Elkady⁶, Simon J Davies⁷, Afaf N Abdel Rahman⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. Electronic address: rowidakamhawey@yahoo.com.
² Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt.
³ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Misurata University, PO Box 2478, Libya.
⁷ Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91V8Y1, Ireland.
⁸ Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. Electronic address: afne56@gmail.com.

PMID: 37406490
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106630

Abstract

An acute exposure study of mancozeb (MAZ) fungicide was applied on Oreochromis niloticus for 96-h duration. Three hundred fish (20.50 ± 1.60 g) were assigned into six groups (50 fish/ group; 10 fish/replicate) and exposed to different six concentrations (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mg L^-1) of MAZ for 96-h. The Probit analysis program was used to compute the 96-h lethal concentration 50 (96-h LC₅₀) of MAZ. During the exposure duration, the fish's behavior, clinical symptoms, and mortalities were recorded daily. After the exposure period was ended, the hematological, biochemical, immunological, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters were evaluated. The results of this study recorded the 96-h LC₅₀ of MAZ for O. niloticus to be 11.49 mg L^-1. Acute MAZ exposure badly affected the fish's behavior in the form of increased the breath gasping and swimming activity with aggressive mode. The exposed fish showed excessive body hemorrhages and fin rot. The survival rate of the exposed fish to MAZ was 100, 80, 66, 50, 38, and 30% in 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 mg L^-1 MAZ, respectively. The hematological indices (red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume%, and white blood cell count) were significantly decreased by increasing the MAZ exposure concentration (8-20 mg L^-1). The acetylcholine esterase activity and immune indices (lysozyme, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin M, complement 3) were decreased by MAZ exposure (4-20 mg L^-1). Acute MAZ exposure induced hepato-renal dysfunction and elevated stress-related parameter (cortisol) by increasing the MAZ concentration. A significant reduction in the antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant activity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) with increasing the lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde) was noticed by acute MAZ exposure (4 -20 mg L^-1) in O. niloticus. Based on these outcomes, the MAZ exposure induced toxicity to the fish evident in changes in fish behavior, neurological activity, hepato-renal functioning, and immune-antioxidant responses which suggest physiological disruption.

Keywords: Behavior; Blood profile; Immune status; MAZ; Oreochromis niloticus; Toxicity.

MeSH terms

Animal Feed / analysis
Animals
Antioxidants / metabolism
Cichlids* / physiology
Diet
Dietary Supplements / analysis
Ethology
Fungicides, Industrial* / toxicity
Oxidative Stress
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / toxicity

Substances

Antioxidants
Fungicides, Industrial
mancozeb
Water Pollutants, Chemical