Kidney disease in patients with liver disease is serious and increases mortality. Up to 50% of patients hospitalized experience an episode of acute kidney injury. In general, men with liver disease are thought to be at increased risk of kidney disease. However, this association should be considered with caution because most studies use creatinine-based inclusion criteria, which is negatively biased against women. In this review, we synthesize data on sex differences in kidney disease in patients with chronic liver disease in the clinical setting and discuss potential physiologic underpinnings.
Keywords: Gender disparity; Hepatorenal syndrome; Renal disease; Renal replacement therapy; Sex differences.
©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.