The current COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to millions of deaths globally and it is estimated that the hit to the global economy could reach more than twelve trillion US-dollars. Disease outbreaks have often pushed weak health systems to a breaking point, as witnessed during cholera, Ebola and Zika virus upsurges. The preparation of a plan involves the analysis of a scenario divided into the disaster cycle's four phases: preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation. Several levels of planning are recognised according to the goals to be reached: strategic plans are directed to define the organisational context and overall aims, operational plans with putting the strategy into place, tactical plans explain how resources will be allocated and managed, as well as provide essential instructions to the responders. The hospital surge capacity relies on the reorganisation of resources according to four categories: system, staff, stuff (supplies), and space. Each of these components needs to be analysed, implemented, and tested during the preparation phase to reduce the occurrence of a critical overrun of the response capabilities, as this will trigger the recourse of contingency plans. The response to pandemics must be associated with public health and social measures, as well as with initiatives to support the psycho-physical health of healthcare workers.
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