1 Professor and Chair, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan.
2 Associate Professor, Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan.
4 Professor and Chair, Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.