Fracture Characteristics of Commercial PEEK Dental Crowns: Combining the Effects of Aging Time and TiO2 Content

Wen-Ju Lu; Wei-Cheng Chen; Viritpon Srimaneepong; Chiang-Sang Chen; Chang-Hung Huang; Hui-Ching Lin; Oi-Hong Tung; Her-Hsiung Huang

doi:10.3390/polym15122720

Fracture Characteristics of Commercial PEEK Dental Crowns: Combining the Effects of Aging Time and TiO₂ Content

Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jun 17;15(12):2720. doi: 10.3390/polym15122720.

Authors

Wen-Ju Lu¹, Wei-Cheng Chen^{2

3}, Viritpon Srimaneepong⁴, Chiang-Sang Chen^{5

6}, Chang-Hung Huang^{1

7}, Hui-Ching Lin^{1

8

9}, Oi-Hong Tung^{1

10}, Her-Hsiung Huang^{1

10

11

12

13

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
² Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.
³ Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
⁵ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Materials and Textiles, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
⁷ Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 251, Taiwan.
⁸ Department of Stomatology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei 103, Taiwan.
⁹ General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
¹⁰ Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
¹¹ Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
¹² Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
¹³ Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
¹⁴ School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
¹⁵ Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 103, Taiwan.

Abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an emerging thermoplastic polymer with good mechanical properties and an elastic modulus similar to that of alveolar bone. PEEK dental prostheses for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems on the market often have additives of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to strengthen their mechanical properties. However, the effects of combining aging, simulating a long-term intraoral environment, and TiO₂ content on the fracture characteristics of PEEK dental prostheses have rarely been investigated. In this study, two types of commercially available PEEK blocks, containing 20% and 30% TiO₂, were used to fabricate dental crowns by CAD/CAM systems and were aged for 5 and 10 h based on the ISO 13356 specifications. The compressive fracture load values of PEEK dental crowns were measured using a universal test machine. The morphology and crystallinity of the fracture surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and an X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test (α = 0.05). Results showed no significant difference in the fracture load value of the test PEEK crowns with 20% and 30% TiO₂ after 5 or 10 h of aging treatment; all test PEEK crowns have satisfactory fracture properties for clinical applications. Fracture surface analysis revealed that all test crowns fractured from the lingual side of the occlusal surface, with the fracture extending along the lingual sulcus to the lingual edge, showing a feather shape at the middle part of the fracture extension path and a coral shape at the end of the fracture. Crystalline analysis showed that PEEK crowns, regardless of aging time and TiO₂ content, remained predominantly PEEK matrix and rutile phase TiO₂. We would conclude that adding 20% or 30% TiO₂ to PEEK crowns may have been sufficient to improve the fracture properties of PEEK crowns after 5 or 10 h of aging. Aging times below 10 h may still be safe for reducing the fracture properties of TiO₂-containing PEEK crowns.

Keywords: TiO2 content; aging time; fracture load; polyetheretherketone crown.

Grants and funding

This research was funded with financial support from the National Science and Technology Council (No. 110-2622-B-A49A-501-), Taiwan, the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Joint Research Program (No. 112DN25), and Taipei City Hospital (No. 11001-62-037) in Taiwan. All are greatly acknowledged.