The description of dynamics for high-energy particles requires an application of the special relativity theory framework, and analysis of properties of the corresponding equations of motion is very important. Here, we analyze Hamilton equations of motion in the limit of weak external field when potential satisfies the condition 2V(q)≪mc2. We formulate very strong necessary integrability conditions for the case when the potential is a homogeneous function of coordinates of integer non-zero degrees. If Hamilton equations are integrable in the Liouville sense, then eigenvalues of the scaled Hessian matrix γ-1V″(d) at any non-zero solution d of the algebraic system V'(d)=γd must be integer numbers of appropriate form depending on k. As it turns out, these conditions are much stronger than those for the corresponding non-relativistic Hamilton equations. According to our best knowledge, the obtained results are the first general integrability necessary conditions for relativistic systems. Moreover, a relation between the integrability of these systems and corresponding non-relativistic systems is discussed. The obtained integrability conditions are very easy to use because the calculations reduce to linear algebra. We show their strength in the example of Hamiltonian systems with two degrees of freedom with polynomial homogeneous potentials. It seems that the only integrable relativistic systems with such potentials are those depending only on one coordinate or having a radial form.
© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.