Efficient neutron capture therapy of glioblastoma with pteroyl-closo-dodecaborate-conjugated 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyric acid (PBC-IP)

Abstract

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been applied for clinical trials on glioblastoma patients since 1950s, however, the low survival rate under the treatments has hampered the widespread use of BNCT. In this study, we developed a novel boron agent, PBC-IP, which consists of three functional groups: FRα-targeting, ¹⁰B resource (twelve ¹⁰B atoms in the molecule), and albumin-binding moieties. PBC-IP was selectively taken up by glioma cell lines such as C6, F98, and U87MG cells and accumulated 10- to 20-fold higher than L-4‑boronophenylalanine (BPA). PBC-IP administrated intravenously to the human glioblastoma (U87MG) xenograft model showed higher boron accumulation in tumors (29.8 μg [¹⁰B]/g at 6 h) than BPA (9.6 μg [¹⁰B]/g at 3 h) at a 25 mg [¹⁰B]/kg dose, effectively suppressing tumor growth after thermal neutron irradiation. PBC-IP administrated via convection-enhanced delivery (CED) accumulated in the F98 glioma orthotopic rat model, achieving 26.5 μg [¹⁰B]/g in tumors with tumor/normal (T/N) brain and tumor/blood (T/B) boron ratios of 37.8 and 94.6, respectively, 3 h after CED. Survival at 180 days after BNCT was 50% in the PBC-IP group and 70% in the combined BPA and PBC-IP groups, with no residual brain tumors.

Keywords: Albumin; Boron neutron capture therapy; Convection-enhanced delivery; Folate; Glioblastoma.