Clinical Profile of Adult Bronchial Asthma Patients Presenting at a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in Northern India

Subodh Kumar; Devesh P Singh; Rama S Rath; Garima Kushwaha; Sana Ansari; Dineshwar K Rai; Umesh C Ojha; Aroop Mohanty

doi:10.7759/cureus.39316

Clinical Profile of Adult Bronchial Asthma Patients Presenting at a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in Northern India

Cureus. 2023 May 21;15(5):e39316. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39316. eCollection 2023 May.

Authors

Subodh Kumar¹, Devesh P Singh¹, Rama S Rath², Garima Kushwaha¹, Sana Ansari¹, Dineshwar K Rai¹, Umesh C Ojha³, Aroop Mohanty⁴

Affiliations

¹ Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND.
² Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND.
³ Pulmonary Medicine, ESI Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, IND.
⁴ Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, IND.

Abstract

Background: In the previous four decades there have been remarkable changes and development in the approach toward the diagnosis and management of asthma. There are wide variations in the clinical profile of asthma patients in different parts of a vast country like India due to significant variations in the geography, culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic profile of the Indian population. In the present study, we have aimed to study the clinical profile of adult asthmatic patients in a tertiary care teaching institute in Northern India.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, a total of 966 asthma patients were included from August 2020 to July 2021 after following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a thorough history and clinical examination, patients were subjected to relevant investigations including spirometry.

Results: Our study showed slight female preponderance (51.7%) over males among asthma patients. A maximum number of patients were of comparatively younger age groups and urban. The most common symptom at the time of presentation was breathlessness (94.5%) followed by cough in about 59.8%. Family history was present in about 9.3% of patients. A maximum number of patients presented in the months of November and December and rhinitis was the most commonly associated atopic condition. The majority (65.28%) of previously diagnosed patients had uncontrolled asthma at the time of their first presentation in our department.

Conclusion: Results of our study endorse the poor awareness in society towards education and management of asthma. Females and comparatively younger patients are more commonly affected. Significant differences in our study from previous studies in different parts of India confirm that the pattern and clinical profile of asthma patients in one region cannot be extrapolated to other regions and the need for future studies in other regions of our country is also required.

Keywords: asthma; clinical profile of asthma patients; demographic characteristics of asthma; gender distribution in asthma; rhinitis.