Hydrogel dressings that can fit irregular wounds, promote wound healing, and detach from wounds without damage represent the development trend of modern medical dressings. Herein, a novel composite hydrogel with excellent wound shape matching and painless removability via a gel-sol phase transition is constructed through dynamic borate ester bonds between phenylboronic acid-grafted F127 (PF127) and polydopamine-coated reduced graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles (rGO@PDA/Ag NPs). After contact with the skin tissues, the administered liquid-like sols gradually transform into solid-like gels, robustly adhering to the wound. The hydrogel dressings containing near-infrared (NIR)-responsive rGO@PDA and in situ formed Ag NPs can generate localized heat and gradually release Ag+ to realize safe, effective, and durable photothermal-chemical combined sterilization. In addition, catechol-rich PDA endows the hydrogel dressings with good antioxidant activity and adhesiveness. In vivo study results indicate that the hydrogel dressings can significantly accelerate full-thickness skin infected wound healing by eliminating bacteria, promoting collagen deposition and angiogenesis, as well as reducing inflammation. Collectively, the thermoreversible rGO@PDA/Ag-PF127 hydrogel dressings with an improved self-adapting ability, superior antimicrobial activity, and tunable adhesion appear to be a promising candidate for the treatment of infected wounds.