Pediatric Complex Regional Pain Syndrome With and Without a History of Prior Physical Trauma at Onset

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether differences exist between children with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) who identify an inciting physical traumatic event (group T) versus those without such history (group NT).

Methods: We performed a single-center, retrospective study of children diagnosed with CRPS, 18 years old or younger, presenting between April 2008 and March 2021 and enrolled in a patient registry. Abstracted data included clinical characteristics, pain symptoms, Functional Disability Inventory, psychological history, and Pain Catastrophizing scale for children. Charts were reviewed for outcome data.

Results: We identified 301 children with CRPS, 95 (64%) reported prior physical trauma. There was no difference between the groups regarding age, sex, duration, pain level, function, psychological symptoms, and scores on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children. However, those in group T were more likely to have had a cast (43% vs 23%, P < 0.001). Those in group T were less likely to experience complete resolution of symptoms (64% vs 76%, P = 0.036). There were no other outcome differences between the groups.

Discussion: We found minimal differences in children with CRPS who report a prior history of physical trauma to those who do not. Physical trauma may not play as significant a role as immobility, such as casting. The groups mostly had similar psychological backgrounds and outcomes.