Oenococcus oeni allows the increase of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities in apple cider

Irina Kristof; Silvana Cecilia Ledesma; Gisselle Raquel Apud; Nancy Roxana Vera; Pedro Adrián Aredes Fernández

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16806

Oenococcus oeni allows the increase of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities in apple cider

Heliyon. 2023 Jun 1;9(6):e16806. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16806. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Authors

Irina Kristof^{1

2}, Silvana Cecilia Ledesma^{1

2}, Gisselle Raquel Apud^{1

2}, Nancy Roxana Vera², Pedro Adrián Aredes Fernández^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
² Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the malolactic fermentation (MLF) carried out by Oenococcus oeni on antihypertensive and antioxidant activities in cider. The MLF was induced using three strains of O. oeni. The modification in phenolic compounds (PCs) and nitrogen organic compounds, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activities were determined after MLF. Among the 17 PCs analyzed caffeic acid was the most abundant compound and phloretin, (-)-epicatechin, and myricetin were detected only in malolactic ciders, however, (-)-epigallocatechin was not detected after MLF. The evaluation of nitrogen organic compounds revealed a drop in total protein concentration (from 17.58 to 14.00 mg N/L) concomitantly with a significant release of peptide nitrogen (from 0.31 to a maximum value of 0.80 mg N/L) after MLF. In addition, an extracellular proteolytic activity was evidenced in all MLF supernatants. The FRAP activity increased reaching a maximum of 120.9 μmol FeSO₄/mL and the ABTS radical-scavenging activity increased until 6.8 mmol ascorbic acid/L. Moreover, the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity reached a maximum value of 39.8%. The MLF conducted by O. oeni in ciders enables the increase of interesting biological activities and this finding could constitute a valuable tool to add value to final product.

Keywords: Apple cider; Biological activities; Malolactic fermentation; Oenococcus oeni.