Hormones and Aging: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Anne R Cappola; Richard J Auchus; Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan; David J Handelsman; Rita R Kalyani; Michael McClung; Cynthia A Stuenkel; Michael O Thorner; Joseph G Verbalis

doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad225

Hormones and Aging: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Jul 14;108(8):1835-1874. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad225.

Authors

Anne R Cappola¹, Richard J Auchus^{2

3}, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan⁴, David J Handelsman⁵, Rita R Kalyani⁶, Michael McClung^{7

8}, Cynthia A Stuenkel⁹, Michael O Thorner^{10

11}, Joseph G Verbalis¹²

Affiliations

¹ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
² Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
³ Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, Medical Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48015, USA.
⁴ Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Metabolic Bone Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
⁵ ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney and Andrology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia.
⁶ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
⁷ Oregon Osteoporosis Center, Portland, OR 97213, USA.
⁸ Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
⁹ Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
¹⁰ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
¹¹ Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
¹² Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.

PMID: 37326526
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad225

Abstract

Multiple changes occur across various endocrine systems as an individual ages. The understanding of the factors that cause age-related changes and how they should be managed clinically is evolving. This statement reviews the current state of research in the growth hormone, adrenal, ovarian, testicular, and thyroid axes, as well as in osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, type 2 diabetes, and water metabolism, with a specific focus on older individuals. Each section describes the natural history and observational data in older individuals, available therapies, clinical trial data on efficacy and safety in older individuals, key points, and scientific gaps. The goal of this statement is to inform future research that refines prevention and treatment strategies in age-associated endocrine conditions, with the goal of improving the health of older individuals.

Keywords: adrenal; androgen; diabetes; endocrinology; estrogen; growth hormone; osteoporosis; thyroid; vitamin D; water metabolism.

MeSH terms

Aged
Aging
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
Hormones
Humans
Osteoporosis* / etiology
Osteoporosis* / prevention & control
Thyroid Gland

Substances

Hormones

Grants and funding

K24 AG042765/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States