Zeolite performance in removal of multicomponent heavy metal contamination from wastewater

Natalie Finish; Pia Ramos; Eitan J C Borojovich; Offer Zeiri; Yair Amar; Moshe Gottlieb

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131784

Zeolite performance in removal of multicomponent heavy metal contamination from wastewater

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 5:457:131784. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131784. Epub 2023 Jun 8.

Authors

Natalie Finish¹, Pia Ramos¹, Eitan J C Borojovich², Offer Zeiri³, Yair Amar³, Moshe Gottlieb⁴

Affiliations

¹ Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
² Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; Nuclear Research Center - Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8490101, Israel. Electronic address: eitanboro@gmail.com.
³ Nuclear Research Center - Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8490101, Israel.
⁴ Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel. Electronic address: mosheg@bgu.ac.il.

PMID: 37315415
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131784

Abstract

Efficient removal of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater by ion-exchange sorbents requires knowledge and understanding of the interplay between the adsorption patterns of the different components. The present study elucidates the simultaneous adsorption characteristics of six toxic heavy metal cations (Cd²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺) by two synthetic (13X and 4 A) and one natural (clinoptilolite) zeolite from solutions containing equimolar mixtures of the six metals. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and equilibration dynamics were obtained by ICP-OES and complemented by EDXRF. An order of magnitude lower adsorption efficiency was exhibited by clinoptilolite (maximum of 0.12 mmol ions/g zeolite), relative to that obtained by the synthetic zeolites 13X and 4 A (a maximum of 2.9 and 1.65 mmol ions/g zeolite respectively). The strongest affinities to both zeolites were demonstrated by Pb²⁺ and Cr³⁺ (1.5 and 0.85 mmol/g zeolite respectively for 13X, and 0.8 and 0.4 mmol/g zeolite respectively for 4 A adsorbed from the highest solution concentration). The weakest affinities were observed by Cd²⁺ (0.1 mmol/g for both zeolites), Ni²⁺ (0.2 and 0.1 mmol/g for 13X and 4 A respectively), and Zn²⁺ (0.1 mmol/g for both zeolites). Large differences were observed between the two synthetic zeolites in terms of their equilibration dynamics and adsorption isotherms. Pronounced maxima were displayed in the adsorption isotherms for zeolites 13X and 4 A. The decline in adsorption of the weaker adsorbing ions with the increase in total solution concentration was attributed to the thermodynamic equilibrium between the ions adsorbed on the zeolite surface and those in the solution. Regeneration by 3 M KCL eluting solution resulted in considerable reduction in adsorption capacities following each desorption cycle.

Keywords: Adsorption isotherm; Faujasite; Molecular sieves; Toxic water contaminants.