Efficient photodegradation of methyl red dye by kaolin clay supported zinc oxide nanoparticles with their antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Tamanna Gul; Idrees Khan; Bashir Ahmad; Shujaat Ahmad; Ahad Amer Alsaiari; Mazen Almehmadi; Osama Abdulaziz; Abdulaziz Alsharif; Ibrahim Khan; Khalid Saeed

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16738

Efficient photodegradation of methyl red dye by kaolin clay supported zinc oxide nanoparticles with their antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Heliyon. 2023 May 26;9(6):e16738. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16738. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Authors

Tamanna Gul¹, Idrees Khan¹, Bashir Ahmad^{2

3}, Shujaat Ahmad⁴, Ahad Amer Alsaiari⁵, Mazen Almehmadi⁵, Osama Abdulaziz⁵, Abdulaziz Alsharif⁵, Ibrahim Khan⁶, Khalid Saeed¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
² Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
³ Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, 18050, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, 06974 Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract

Kaolin clay-supported Zinc oxide (ZnO/KC) and ZnO NPs nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a chemical reduction process and used for the photodegradation of methyl red (MR) dye as a photocatalyst. Due to the interlayered porous structure of the KC, we achieved an extremely good association between ZnO NPs and KC. The product confirmation was conducted by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR). SEM showed the irregular morphology of ZnO NPs, while ZnO/KC NCs were predominately round-shaped. Moreover, in both cases, NPs were present in both dispersed as well as agglomerated forms with an average particle size below 100 nm. The results acquired from photodegradation analyses show that ZnO NPs and ZnO/KC NCs degraded about 90 and 99% of MR dye respectively, under UV light in a short irradiation time of 10 min. The recovered and re-recovered ZnO NPs and ZnO/KC NCs also considerably photodegraded MR dye in an aqueous medium. The same NPs also exhibit promising bioactivities against two pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Citrobacter and Providencia. The antioxidant activity of ZnO/KC NCs reached to reasonable 70% compared to the 88% activity of the standard ascorbic acid.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Bioactivity; Kaolin clay; Methyl red; Photodegradation.