Italian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-I)

Angela Contri; Francesco Ballardin; Gianluca De Marco; Matteo Gaucci; Angela Scariato; Veronica Zanoni; Carla Vanti; Paolo Pillastrini

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2023.102043

Italian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-I)

Foot (Edinb). 2023 Sep:56:102043. doi: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102043. Epub 2023 May 27.

Authors

Angela Contri¹, Francesco Ballardin², Gianluca De Marco², Matteo Gaucci³, Angela Scariato², Veronica Zanoni⁴, Carla Vanti², Paolo Pillastrini⁵

Affiliations

¹ Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio, Via del Pozzo n.74, 41100 Modena, Italy.
² Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna BO Bologna, Italy.
³ Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna BO Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: higgau@gmail.com.
⁴ Studio VIS, Via Muredei, 78, 38122 Trento, Italy.
⁵ Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna BO Bologna, Italy; Unità Operativa di Medicina del Lavoro - IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi 9, 40123 Bologna BO Bologna, Italy.

PMID: 37295293
DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2023.102043

Abstract

Study design: Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire.

Objective: Translating, culturally adapting, and validating the Italian version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-I).

Summary of background data: Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The International Ankle Consortium recommends the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) as a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire assessing the presence and severity of CAI. At this moment, there is no validated Italian version of CAIT.

Methods: The Italian version of the CAIT (CAIT-I) was developed by an expert committee. Test-retest reliability of the CAIT-I was measured in 286 healthy and injured participants within a 4-9-day period, by using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC_2,1). Construct validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and sensitivity were examined in a sample of 548 adults. Instrument responsiveness over 4 time points was determined in a subgroup of 37 participants.

Results: The CAIT-I demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability (ICC≥0.92) and good internal consistency (α = .84). Construct validity was confirmed. Identified cut-off for the presence of CAI was 24.75, with sensitivity= 0.77 and specificity= 0.65. There were significant differences across time for CAIT-I scores (P < .001), demonstrating responsiveness to change, but no floor or ceiling effects.

Conclusion: The CAIT-I demonstrates acceptable psychometric performance as a screening and outcome measure. The CAIT-I is a useful tool to assess the presence and severity of CAI.

Keywords: Ankle sprain; CAIT; Chronic Ankle Instability; Cross-cultural adaptation; Italian Translation; Psychometrics.

MeSH terms

Adult
Ankle Joint
Ankle*
Health Status
Humans
Joint Instability* / diagnosis
Psychometrics
Reproducibility of Results
Surveys and Questionnaires