Efficacy and Safety of intravenous monoclonal antibodies in patients with moderate-to-severe active Graves'ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 May 23:14:1160936. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1160936. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Backgrounds: The effects of various treatments on Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) have been studied. As monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been proposed for the treatment of moderate to severe GO, direct comparisons between different mAbs are lacking.We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to objectively compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous mAbs.

Methods: To identify eligible trials, references published before September 2022 were electronically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase,Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI,Wan-Fang and ICTRP databases.The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool were used to assess the risk of bias of the original studies.The primary and secondary outcomes were the response and inactivation rates, with the secondary outcomes being the clinical activity score (CAS),the improvement of proptosis and diplopia improvement,and the adverse event rate. Publication bias was evaluated, along with subgroup and sensitivity analyses.

Results: A total of 12 trials with 448 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that TCZ (tocilizumab) was most likely to be the best treatment in terms of response according to indirect contrast, followed by TMB (teprotumumab) and RTX (rituximab).TCZ, followed by TMB and RTX, was also most likely to be the best treatment in terms of reducing proptosis. In terms of improving diplopia, TMB was most likely to be the best treatment, followed by TCZ and RTX.TCZ was the highest probability of safety, followed by RTX and TMB.

Conclusions: Based on the best available evidence,TCZ should be the preferred treatment for moderate to severe GO.In the absence of head-to-head trials,indirect comparisons of treatments are routinely used to estimate the effectiveness of the treatments of interest. In addition,the optimal dose and potential mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies remain to be established,and it is encouraging that the treatment paradigm for GO may change in the future.This study was designed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)(27).

Systematic review registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42023398170.

Keywords: Graves ophthalmopathy; meta-analysis; monoclonal antibodies; rituximab; teprotumumab; tocilizumab; treatment.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Systematic Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Diplopia / drug therapy
  • Exophthalmos* / drug therapy
  • Graves Ophthalmopathy* / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / therapeutic use
  • Rituximab / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
  • Rituximab

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82273294), the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2022YFS0136), the Chengdu Bureau of Science and Technology (2022-YF05-01316-SN), Sichuan University (No. 2018SCUH0093), and the 1.3.5 project for discipline of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2020HXFH008, No. ZYJC18003).