Given the complexity of biological samples and the trace nature of target materials in forensic trace analysis, a simple and effective method is needed to obtain sufficient target materials from complex substrates. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown a wide range of application value in many research fields, such as biomedicine, drug delivery and separation, due to their unique superparamagnetic properties, stable physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility, small size, high specific surface area and other characteristics. To apply MNPs in the pretreatment of forensic materials, maximize the extraction rate of the target materials, and minimize interference factors to meet the requirements of trace analysis of the target materials, this paper reviews the application of MNPs in the fields of forensic toxicological analysis, environmental forensic science, trace evidence analysis and criminal investigation in recent years, and provides research ideas for the application of MNPs in forensic trace analysis.
鉴于法医学痕量分析中生物样本的复杂性以及目标物的痕量性，需要一种简单有效的方法从复杂基质中获得足量的目标物。磁性纳米颗粒（magnetic nanoparticle，MNP）凭借其独特的超顺磁性、稳定的物理化学性质、生物相容性、尺寸小、较高的比表面积等特性，已在生物医药、药物递送和药物分离等多个研究领域显现出广泛的应用价值。为了将MNP应用于法医检材的前处理，最大程度地增加目标物的提取率，尽可能减少干扰因素以满足目标物痕量分析要求，本文综述了近年来MNP在法医毒物分析、环境法医学、痕量物证分析和刑事侦查领域的应用进展，为MNP在法医学痕量分析中的应用提供研究思路。.
Keywords: forensic medicine; magnetic nanoparticle; review; toxicological analysis; trace analysis.