COVID-19 and coronary artery disease; A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bahareh Hajikhani; Mahshid Safavi; Nazila Bostanshirin; Fatemeh Sameni; Mona Ghazi; Shahrooz Yazdani; Mohammad Javad Nasiri; Nafiseh Khosravi-Dehaghi; Negin Noorisepehr; Saba Sayyari; Masoud Dadashi

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101151

COVID-19 and coronary artery disease; A systematic review and meta-analysis

New Microbes New Infect. 2023 Jun:53:101151. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101151. Epub 2023 May 23.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
³ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
⁴ Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁵ Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁶ Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁷ Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
⁸ Neonatal Health Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁹ Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hussein Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.

Abstract

Background and aim: Patients with underlying cardiovascular disorders such as coronary artery disease (CAD) are more prone to severe forms and multiple complications of COVID-19. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of CAD on patients with COVID-19.

Methods: Main electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science, were carefully searched and reviewed for original research articles published between 2019 and 2021. One hundred nine studies that address CAD in patients with COVID-19 were selected and analyzed.

Results: Following search and screening processes, 109 relevant publications were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis of prevalence studies indicated that the frequency of CAD among patients with COVID-19 was reported in 10 countries with an overall frequency of 12.4% [(95% CI) 11.1-13.8] among 20079 COVID-19 patients. According to case reports/case series studies, 50.9% of COVID-19 patients suffered from CAD. Fever was the most common symptom in these patients (47%); 36.5% also had hypertension.

Conclusion: The results obtained during the present study show that the simultaneous presence of COVID-19 and CAD, especially in men and elderly patients, can increase the risks and complications of both diseases. Therefore, careful examination of the condition of this group of patients for timely diagnosis and treatment is strongly recommended.

Keywords: CAD; COVID-19; Coronary artery disease; Meta-analysis.

Publication types

Review