Potential Effect of Lemon Peel Oil with Novel Eco-Friendly and Biodegradable Emulsion in Un-Modified Diesel Engine

Arularasu Sivalingam; Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan; Kenneth L Roberts; Mohammad Asif

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00325

Potential Effect of Lemon Peel Oil with Novel Eco-Friendly and Biodegradable Emulsion in Un-Modified Diesel Engine

ACS Omega. 2023 May 18;8(21):18566-18581. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00325. eCollection 2023 May 30.

Authors

Arularasu Sivalingam¹, Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan², Kenneth L Roberts³, Mohammad Asif⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Automobile Engineering, SAMS College of Engineering and Technology, Royapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600013, India.
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem 533437, India.
³ College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, 541 Main Street, Office 137, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The current research work is based on exploring a novel biological fuel source and renewable fuel offered by waste lemon fruit skin. Furthermore, bio-based multi-wall carbon nanotubes (BMWCNTs), emulsion, fossil diesel, and raw lemon peel oil were procured. The single-cylinder diesel engine was evaluated using these potential ingredients in terms of performance, combustion, and emission. Test engine results reveal that the presence of BMWCNT emulsion in the bio-fuel + blend + emulsion blend produced a lower (4.7%) brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a higher (13.6%) brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC) at peak engine load conditions with diesel. The same test fuel blend possesses an equivalent heat release rate (HRR) and cylinder pressure trends to the diesel fuel blend due to an optimized air/fuel mixture and oxygen supply. Bio-fuel + blend + emulsion achieved step-down reductions of 7.83% carbon monoxide (CO) and 20.68% hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, as well as reductions of 27.7% nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and 37.3% smoke emissions at peak engine load with diesel.