Introduction: The purpose of the research was to analyse the injuries of primary school children in the framework of organised sports activities at school and in clubs or associations, and in leisure time without professional guidance.
Methods: We surveyed 631 participants, of which there were 282 boys and 349 girls from eight Slovenian primary schools. Frequencies were calculated and a Chi-square test was performed.
Results: In physical education (PE) at school, 32% of the participants were injured in one school year, and there were no statistically significant differences in the number of injuries according to sex (p=0.18) and age (p=0.12). Most injuries were recorded in the lower extremities (50%), in the form of wounds. The participants were injured less often in PE at school than in a club or association, and more often than in their leisure time. The participants were absent from PE classes for longer after an injury in a club or association than in PE, while no significant differences in absences after injury were found. At school, the participants were most often injured in ball games, boys in football (43%) and girls in volleyball (19%). In activities in a club or association, we recorded the most injuries in boys in martial arts (18%) and dance for girls (19%). In their leisure time, boys suffered the most injuries from football (26%) and cycling, while girls suffered the most from running and rollerblading.
Conclusion: In the last ten years, the number of injuries in PE has increased in Slovenia. Based on the obtained results, we propose measures to reduce injuries and thus encourage more sports activities among children and adolescents, while ensuring their safety.
Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil analizirati poškodbe učencev osnovne šole v okviru organizirane športne dejavnosti med poukom v šoli in klubu/društvu ter v prostem času brez strokovnega vodstva.
Metode: Anketirali smo 631 učencev, od tega 282 fantov in 349 deklet iz osmih slovenskih osnovnih šol. Izračunane so bile frekvence in izveden hi-kvadrat test.
Rezultati: Pri športni vzgoji v šoli se je v enem šolskem letu poškodovalo 32 % učencev; statistično značilnih razlik v številu poškodb glede na spol (p = 0,19) in starost (p = 0,12) nismo ugotovili. Največ poškodb smo zabeležili na spodnjih okončinah (50 %), in sicer v obliki ran, sledijo nategi mišic in zvini sklepov. Učenci so se pri športni vzgoji v šoli manjkrat poškodovali kot v klubu ali društvu in večkrat kot v prostem času brez strokovnega vodstva. Učenci so bili dlje odsotni po poškodbi v klubu ali društvu kot pri športni vzgoji v šoli, medtem ko do bistvenih razlik v odsotnosti po poškodbi pri pouku v šoli in dejavnosti v prostem času nismo ugotovili. V šoli so se učenci največkrat poškodovali pri igrah z žogo; fantje pri nogometu (43 %), dekleta pri odbojki (19 %). Pri dejavnostih v klubu ali društvu smo največ poškodb pri fantih zabeležili pri borilnih športih (18 %), pri dekletih pa pri plesu (19 %). V prostem času je bilo pri fantih največ poškodb pri nogometu (26 %) in kolesarjenju, pri dekletih pa pri teku in rolanju.
Zaključki: V desetih letih se je v Sloveniji število poškodb pri športni vzgoji povečalo, športne zvrsti, pri katerih prihaja najpogosteje do poškodb, pa se niso bistveno spremenile. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov smo predlagali ukrepe za zmanjševanje poškodb. Ti spodbujajo športno dejavnost otrok in mladostnikov, hkrati pa zagotavljajo njihovo varnost.
Keywords: Children; Injuries; Leisure time; Physical education; Primary schools.
© 2023 Mateja VIDEMŠEK et al., published by Sciendo.