BCG-Induced Immune Training: Interplay between Trained Immunity and Emergency Granulopoiesis

Henok Andualem; Elysia Hollams; Tobias R Kollmann; Nelly Amenyogbe

doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168169

BCG-Induced Immune Training: Interplay between Trained Immunity and Emergency Granulopoiesis

J Mol Biol. 2023 Aug 1;435(15):168169. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168169. Epub 2023 May 30.

Authors

Henok Andualem¹, Elysia Hollams², Tobias R Kollmann², Nelly Amenyogbe²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia. Electronic address: henoand@dtu.edt.et.
² Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

PMID: 37263392
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168169

Abstract

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most commonly administered vaccine in human history. The medical application of BCG extends far beyond the fight against tuberculosis. Despite its stellar medical record over 100 years, insight into how BCG provides this vast range of benefits is largely limited, both for its pathogen-specific (tuberculosis) as well as pathogen-agnostic (other infections, autoimmunity, allergies, and cancer) effects. Trained immunity and emergency granulopoiesis have been identified as mediating BCG's pathogen-agnostic effects, for which some of the molecular mechanisms have been delineated. Upon review of the existing evidence, we postulate that emergency granulopoiesis and trained immunity are a continuum of the same effect cascade. In this context, we highlight that BCG's pathogen-agnostic benefits could be optimized by taking advantage of the age of the recipient and route of BCG administration.

Keywords: BCG; Emergency granulopoiesis; mechanism; modulators; trained Immunity.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

BCG Vaccine* / immunology
Hematopoiesis* / immunology
Humans
Trained Immunity*
Tuberculosis* / prevention & control

Substances

BCG Vaccine

Grants and funding

U19 AI118608/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States