Influence of Bifidobacterium breve on the Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile and Microbiome of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial

Chaiyavat Chaiyasut; Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi; Narissara Lailerd; Sasithorn Sirilun; Subramanian Thangaleela; Suchanat Khongtan; Muruganantham Bharathi; Periyanaina Kesika; Manee Saelee; Thiwanya Choeisoongnern; Pranom Fukngoen; Sartjin Peerajan; Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn

doi:10.3390/ph16050695

Influence of Bifidobacterium breve on the Glycaemic Control, Lipid Profile and Microbiome of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Trial

Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 May 4;16(5):695. doi: 10.3390/ph16050695.

Authors

Chaiyavat Chaiyasut¹, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi^{1

2}, Narissara Lailerd^{1

3}, Sasithorn Sirilun¹, Subramanian Thangaleela¹, Suchanat Khongtan¹, Muruganantham Bharathi¹, Periyanaina Kesika^{1

2}, Manee Saelee⁴, Thiwanya Choeisoongnern⁴, Pranom Fukngoen¹, Sartjin Peerajan⁵, Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn⁴

Affiliations

¹ Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
² Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
³ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
⁴ Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
⁵ Health Innovation Institute, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most highly prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide. Uncontrolled T2DM can lead to other health threats such as cardiac arrest, lower-limb amputation, blindness, stroke, impaired kidney function, and microvascular and macrovascular complications. Many studies have demonstrated the association between gut microbiota and diabetes development and probiotic supplementation in improving glycemic properties in T2DM. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of Bifidobacterium breve supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, and microbiome of T2DM subjects. Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups, and they received probiotics (50 × 10⁹ CFU/day) or placebo interventions (corn starch; 10 mg/day) for 12 weeks. The changes in the blood-urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), creatinine levels, and other factors such as body-mass index, visceral fat, body fat, and body weight were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. B. breve supplementation significantly reduced BUN, creatinine, LDL, TG, and HbA1c levels compared to the placebo group. Significant changes were observed in the microbiome of the probiotic-treated group compared to the placebo group. Firmicutes and proteobacteria were predominant in the placebo and probiotic-treated groups. Genera Streptococcus, Butyricicoccus, and species Eubacterium hallii were significantly reduced in the probiotic-treated group compared to the placebo. Overall results suggested that B. breve supplementation could prevent worsening of representative clinical parameters in T2DM subjects. The current study has limitations, including fewer subjects, a single probiotic strain, and fewer metagenomic samples for microbiome analysis. Therefore, the results of the current study require further validation using more experimental subjects.

Keywords: Bifidobacterium breve; diabetes mellitus; lipid profile; microbiota; probiotics.

Grants and funding

This project was supported by the fundamental research fund 2023, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.