Aiming at solving the problems of soil environment deterioration and the decline of both yield and quality caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, we investigated the effects of rotted corn straw on the soil environment of root zone, yield and quality of cucumber with 'Jinyou 35' cucumber as the experimental material. There were three treatments, namely, combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer (T1, the total nitrogen fertilizer application were 450 kg N·hm-2, of which 9000 kg·hm-2 rotted corn straw was used as the subsoil fertilizer, and the rest was supplemented with chemical fertilizer), pure chemical fertilizer (T2, the total nitrogen fertilizer application was the same as T1) and no fertilization (control). The results showed that the content of soil organic matter in root zone soil in T1 treatment was much higher, but no difference between T2 treatment and the control, after two continuous plantings in one year. The concentrations of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium of T1 and T2 in cucumber root zone were higher than that in the control. T1 treatment had lower bulk density, but markedly higher porosity and respiratory rate than T2 treatment and the control in root zone soil. The electric conductivity of T1 treatment was higher than that of the control, but significantly lower than T2 treatment. There was no significant difference in pH among the three treatments. The quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in cucumber rhizosphere soil were the highest in T1, and the lowest in the control. However, the highest quantity of fungi was found in T2. The enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil in T1 treatment were markedly higher than those of the control, whereas those of T2 treatment were significantly lower or had no significant difference relative to the control. The cucumber root dry weight and root activity of T1 were significantly higher than that of the control. The yield of T1 treatment increased by 10.1%, and fruit quality improved obviously. The root activity of T2 treatment was also significantly higher than that in the control. There was no significant difference in root dry weight and yield between T2 treatment and the control. Furthermore, T2 treatment revealed a decrease in fruit quality relative to T1 treatment. These results suggested that the combined application of rotted corn straw and chemical fertilizer could improve soil environment, promote root growth, enhance root activity and improve yield and quality of cucumber in solar-greenhouse, which could be popularized and applied in protected cucumber production.
针对当前设施黄瓜生产中化肥用量过多造成的土壤环境变劣、黄瓜产量和品质下降等问题,本研究以‘津优35号'黄瓜为试材,研究腐熟玉米秸秆对日光温室黄瓜根区土壤环境及其产量和品质的影响。试验设3个处理,分别为腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施(T1,总施氮量450 kg N·hm-2,其中9000 kg·hm-2腐熟玉米秸秆作基肥,其余部分用化肥补充)、单施化肥(T2,总施氮量与T1相同)和不施肥对照(CK)。结果表明:连续种植2茬后,T1处理的土壤有机质含量显著增加,T2与对照差异不显著;T1和T2处理的碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均显著高于对照。T1处理黄瓜根区土壤容重显著低于T2和对照,而孔隙度和呼吸速率显著高于T2和对照,电导率虽然高于对照,但与T2相比显著降低,pH与T2和对照差异不显著。黄瓜根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量以T1最多,对照最低,而真菌数量以T2最多。T1处理的根际土壤酶活性均显著高于对照,而T2处理显著低于对照或与对照差异不显著。T1处理的黄瓜根系干重和根系活力均显著高于对照,产量比对照增加10.1%,产品品质明显提高;T2处理的根系活力也显著高于对照,但根系生长量和产量与对照差异不显著,与T1相比产品品质有所下降。可见,腐熟玉米秸秆与化肥配施可改良设施土壤环境,促进黄瓜根系生长,增强根系活力,提高产量和品质,可在生产中推广应用。.
Keywords: cucumber; organic matter; root activity; rotted straw; soil microbial community; soil physical and chemical property; yield.