Cardiometabolic risk triggers a state of chronic and subclinical inflammation, conferring a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Thus, minimal processing of foods with high nutritional value, in the form of flour, becomes an effective dietary strategy in preventing and treating cardiometabolic risk factors. This systematic review aims to evaluate the evidence on the effect of flour-based food intake on reducing the most common cardiometabolic risk factors. We included all randomized controlled trials published up to April 2023 in the main databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Eleven clinical trials were included. The amount of flour used in the studies ranged from 1.5 g to 36 g/day, and the supplementation period ranged from six weeks to 120 days. Green jackfruit flour, green banana flour, soy flour, flour from rind of the yellow passion fruit, and fenugreek powder demonstrated significant results in improve parameters of glucose homeostasis. Chia flour, green banana flour, soy flour, and fenugreek powder showed improvements in blood pressure measurements. Brazil nut flour and chia flour reduced total cholesterol. Chia flour also increased HDL cholesterol levels. The evidence presented in the current systematic review indicates that flour-derived foods intake is related to improve cardiometabolic risk factors parameters.
Keywords: Bioactive compounds; cardiometabolic risk; dietary fiber; flour-based food; functional foods.