Biofabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed by Solanum surattense: Characterization and Evaluation of their Antiepileptic and Cytotoxic Activities

Mohamed Mohany; Ihsan Ullah; Fozia Fozia; Madeeha Aslam; Ijaz Ahmad; Majid Sharifi-Rad; Salim S Al-Rejaie; Nouf S S Zaghloul; Shakeel Ahmad; Mourad A M Aboul-Soud

doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00858

Biofabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed by Solanum surattense: Characterization and Evaluation of their Antiepileptic and Cytotoxic Activities

ACS Omega. 2023 May 8;8(19):16948-16955. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00858. eCollection 2023 May 16.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan.
³ Boichemistry Department, Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26000, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran.
⁵ Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, U.K.
⁶ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a new method that can be used in various biomedical applications. Therefore, the green approach was an aspect of ongoing research for the synthesis titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NP) using the Solanum surattense aqueous plant extract, which acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesis of TiO₂ NPs was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. The excitation energy to synthesize TiO₂ NPs was identified through the UV-vis spectrophotometric analysis at a wavelength of 244 nm. Further, the FT-IR spectroscopy visualized different biomolecules like OH, C=O, C-H, and C-O that were present in an aqueous extract of the plant and were responsible for the stabilization of TiO₂ NPs. The crystallinity and phase purity of TiO₂ NPs were illustrated by the sharp peaks of the XRD pattern. The spherical morphology with sizes ranging from 10 to 80 nm was examined using SEM images. The elemental composition of TiO₂ NPs was revealed by the intensity and narrow widths of titanium and oxygen using EDX analysis. This report also explains the antiepileptic activity of TiO₂ NPs in a maximal electroshock-induced epileptic (MESE) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model. The synthesized TiO₂ NPs showed maximum antiepileptic activity in the PTZ model, significantly decreasing the convulsions (65.0 ± 5.50 s) at 180 mg/kg in contrast to standard drug phenytoin, whereas the MESE model was characterized by the appearance of extensor, clonus, and flexion. The results showed that synthesized TiO₂ NPs significantly reduced the time spent in each stage (15.3 ± 0.20, 16.8 ± 0.25, and 20.5 ± 0.14 s) at 180 mg/kg as compared to control groups. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of synthesized produced TiO₂ NPs demonstrated that concentrations ≤80 μg/mL were biologically compatible.