Chromosomal aberrations and prognostic analysis of secondary acute myeloid leukemia-a retrospective study

Mingzhu Song; Tun Zhang; Dongdong Yang; Hao Xiao; Huiping Wang; Qianling Ye; Zhimin Zhai

doi:10.7717/peerj.15333

Chromosomal aberrations and prognostic analysis of secondary acute myeloid leukemia-a retrospective study

PeerJ. 2023 May 15:11:e15333. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15333. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mingzhu Song^{1

2}, Tun Zhang³, Dongdong Yang³, Hao Xiao³, Huiping Wang³, Qianling Ye⁴, Zhimin Zhai³

Affiliations

¹ Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Lu'an People's Hospital), lu'an, Anhui Province, China.
² Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
³ Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
⁴ Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Background: Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (S-AML) patients generally have a poor prognosis, but the chromosomal aberrations of S-AML have been rarely reported. We aimed to explore the chromosomal aberrations and clinical significance in patients with S-AML.

Patients and methods: The clinical characteristics and karyotypes of 26 patients with S-AML were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival (OS) was measured from the time of the patients' transition to AML (i.e., at S-AML diagnosis).

Results: The study included 26 S-AML patients (13 males and 13 females), with a median age of 63 years (range, 20-77 years). They transformed from various hematologic malignancies or solid tumors; most of them were secondary to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). About 62% of the S-AML patients showed chromosomal aberrations. The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in S-AML patients with abnormal karyotype was higher than those with normal karyotype. Apart from the differences in treatment regimens, S-AML patients with chromosomal aberrations had shorter OS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: S-AML patients with abnormal karyotype have higher LDH levels and shorter OS than normal karyotype patients, and the OS of hypodiploidy was much shorter than hyperdiploid.

Keywords: Chromosomal aberrations; Karyotype; Lactate dehydrogenase; Secondary acute myeloid leukemia; Survival.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Abnormal Karyotype
Adult
Aged
Aneuploidy
Chromosome Aberrations
Female
Humans
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* / diagnosis
Male
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Young Adult

Grants and funding

This article was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 81602914. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.