Three-dimensionally multiple protected silicon anode toward ultrahigh areal capacity and stability

Junkai Zhao; Mingzhu Xie; Kaimeng Yang; Daina Wei; Ce Zhang; Zhaolong Wang; Xiaojing Yang

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.038

Three-dimensionally multiple protected silicon anode toward ultrahigh areal capacity and stability

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Sep 15:646:538-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.038. Epub 2023 May 9.

Authors

Junkai Zhao¹, Mingzhu Xie², Kaimeng Yang³, Daina Wei¹, Ce Zhang⁴, Zhaolong Wang⁵, Xiaojing Yang⁶

Affiliations

¹ Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing 100094, China.
² Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
³ Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
⁴ Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), Beijing 100094, China. Electronic address: zhangce-qxslab@outlook.com.
⁵ Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: zhaolongwang@hnu.edu.cn.
⁶ Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: yang.xiaojing@bnu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37210901
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.038

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode due to its high theoretical capacity. However, the drastic volume change of Si anodes during lithiation/delithiation processes leads to rapid capacity fade. Herein, a three-dimensional Si anode with multiple protection strategy is proposed, including citric acid-modification of Si particles (CA@Si), GaInSn ternary liquid metal (LM) addition, and porous copper foam (CF) based electrode. The CA modified supports strong adhesive attraction of Si particles with binder and LM penetration maintains good electrical contact of the composite. The CF substrate constructs a stable hierarchical conductive framework, which could accommodate the volume expansion to retain integrity of the electrode during cycling. As a result, the obtained Si composite anode (CF-LM-CA@Si) demonstrates a discharge capacity of 3.14 mAh cm^-2 after 100 cycles at 0.4 A g^-1, corresponding to 76.1% capacity retention rate based on the initial discharge capacity and delivers comparable performance in full cells. The present study provides an applicable prototype of high-energy density electrodes for LIBs.

Keywords: 3D anode; Areal capacity; Lithium-ion batteries; Multiple protection; Silicon.