Low-temperature molten-salt synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles grown on MXene can rapidly remove ornidazole via peroxymonosulfate activation

Chenglin Hao; Fengling Rao; Yunqiu Zhang; Huaisheng Wang; Jianbin Chen; Thomas Wågberg; Guangzhi Hu

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121811

Low-temperature molten-salt synthesis of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles grown on MXene can rapidly remove ornidazole via peroxymonosulfate activation

Environ Pollut. 2023 Oct 1:334:121811. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121811. Epub 2023 May 18.

Authors

Chenglin Hao¹, Fengling Rao¹, Yunqiu Zhang¹, Huaisheng Wang², Jianbin Chen³, Thomas Wågberg⁴, Guangzhi Hu⁵

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
² School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China.
³ Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, China.
⁴ Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden.
⁵ Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China. Electronic address: guangzhihu@ynu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37209900
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121811

Abstract

We further developed previous work on MXene materials prepared using molten salt methodology. We substituted single, with mixed salts, and reduced the melting point from >724 °C to <360 °C. Cobalt (Co) compounds were simultaneously etched and doped while the MXene material was created using various techniques in which Co compounds occur as Co₃O₄. The synthesized Co₃O₄/MXene compound was used as a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator that would generate free radicals to degrade antibiotic ornidazole (ONZ). Under optimal conditions, almost 100% of ONZ (30 mg/L) was degraded within 10 min. The Co₃O₄/MXene + PMS system efficiently degraded ONZ in natural water bodies, and had a broad pH adaptation range (4-11), and strong anion anti-interference. We investigated how the four active substances were generated using radical quenching and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We identified 12 ONZ intermediates by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and propose a plausible degradative mechanism.

Keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Antibiotic ornidazole degradation; Solid phase synthesist; Titanium carbide.

MeSH terms

Cobalt / chemistry
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Ornidazole*
Peroxides / chemistry
Sodium Chloride
Temperature

Substances

peroxymonosulfate
cobalt tetraoxide
Ornidazole
MXene
Peroxides
Cobalt
Sodium Chloride