Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm2, and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.
目的： 探索准分子激光冠状动脉成形术（ELCA）对大隐静脉桥血管（SVG）病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后微循环状态的影响。 方法： 该研究为单中心、前瞻性、单臂研究，连续纳入2022年1至6月于北京安贞医院老年心血管病中心住院的因冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）后再次胸痛、冠状动脉造影证实SVG狭窄超过70%但未完全闭塞，拟对SVG病变进行介入治疗的患者。在球囊扩张及支架置入前使用ELCA对病变进行预处理，支架置入后行光学相干断层成像（OCT）检查及术后微循环阻力指数（IMR）测定。计算器械成功及手术成功率，其中，器械成功定义为ELCA系统成功通过病变；手术成功定义为于病变处成功置入支架。主要评价指标为PCI术后即刻IMR，次要评价指标为心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）血流分级、校正的TIMI帧数（cTFC）、PCI术后OCT测定的最小支架面积及支架膨胀率、手术并发症（4a型心肌梗死、无复流、穿孔等）发生情况。 结果： 共入选19例患者，年龄（66.0±5.6）岁，其中男性18例（94.7%）。距CABG时间为8（6，11）年，病变长度均>20 mm，均为桥血管体部病变，中位狭窄程度95%（80%，99%），置入支架长度（41.7±16.3）mm。手术时间为119（101，166）min，累计受照剂量为2 089（1 378，3 011）mGy，使用激光导管的直径均为1.4 mm，其最大能量均为60 mJ，最大频率均为40 Hz。器械成功率及手术成功率均为100%（19/19）。PCI术后IMR为29.22±5.95（范围：21.12~43.12）。ELCA及置入支架后患者的TIMI血流分级较术前明显改善（P均>0.05），置入支架后所有患者的TIMI血流均为Ⅲ级。患者的cTFC在ELCA后（33.2±7.8）及置入支架后（22.8±7.1）均较术前（49.7±13.0）下降（P均<0.001）。最小支架面积为（5.53±1.36）mm2，支架膨胀率为（90.0±4.3）%。无穿孔、无复流、4a型心肌梗死等并发症发生。但术后高敏肌钙蛋白明显升高［（67.937±33.839）ng/L比（5.316±3.105）ng/L，P<0.001］。 结论： ELCA治疗SVG病变安全、有效，在保证支架充分扩张的同时，对微循环具有保护作用。.