Insomnia is one of the most frequently encountered diseases in clinical practice, and about half of the patients have a long-term course. Therefore, proactive prevention against chronicity is required, using a non-pharmacological approach for insomnia (sleep hygiene). Pharmacological treatment, needs to decrease the risk of appearance of rebound insomnia, the risk of the patient falling, drug dependence, and cognitive dysfunctions caused by hypnotics. In view of this, it is recommended to use novel sleep medications such as orexin receptor antagonists and melatonin receptor agonists.