The L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway mediates the locomotor activity alterations during the expression of sensitization to mephedrone in mice

Abstract

Mephedrone is a representative of synthetic cathinones that is known from its rewarding and psychostimulant effects. It exerts behavioural sensitization after repeated and then interrupted administration. In our study, we investigated a role of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP-dependent signalling in the expression of sensitization to hyperlocomotion evoked by mephedrone. The study was carried out in male albino Swiss mice. The tested mice received mephedrone (2.5 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days and on the 20th day of the experiment (the 'challenge' day) animals received both mephedrone (2.5 mg/kg) and a given substance that affects the L-arginine-NO-cGMP signalling, that is, L-arginine hydrochloride (125 or 250 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (10 or 20 mg/kg), L-NAME (25 or 50 mg/kg) or methylene blue (5 or 10 mg/kg). We observed that 7-nitroindazole, L-NAME and methylene blue inhibited the expression of sensitization to the mephedrone-induced hyperlocomotion. Moreover, we demonstrated that the mephedrone-induced sensitization is accompanied by lowered levels of D₁ receptors and NR2B subunits in the hippocampus, whereas a concurrent administration of L-arginine hydrochloride, 7-nitroindazole and L-NAME with the mephedrone challenge dose reversed these effects. Methylene blue only reversed the mephedrone-induced effects on hippocampal levels of the NR2B subunit. Our study confirms that the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway contributes to mechanisms underlying the expression of sensitization to the mephedrone-evoked hyperlocomotion.

Keywords: D1 receptors; L-arginine-NO-cGMP-dependent pathway; NR2B receptors; mephedrone; sensitization.