Thyroglossal duct cysts (TDCs) are generally single cyst, multiple TDCs are rare. We describe a case of multiple TDCs, discuss its characteristic features and management, and provide a review of the literature, to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. We report an extremely rare case of multiple TDCs containing five cysts, together with a review of the relevant English medical literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of TDCs containing more than three cysts in the anterior cervical region. The five cysts were completely excised in a Sistrunk operation. Histological examination of the cystic lesions revealed TDCs. The patient recovered well and no recurrence was found during the 6-year of follow-up. Multiple TDCs are extremely rare, and may be misdiagnosed as a single cyst. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of multiple thyroglossal duct cysts. Adequate preoperative radiological examinations should be performed, and careful interpretation of the CT or MRI scans is important to diagnosis and surgery.
Keywords: MRI diagnosis; multiple; sistrunk; surgical resection; thyroglossal duct cyst.