Nano magnetic-based ELISA and nano magnetic-based latex agglutination test for diagnosis of experimental trichinellosis

Hanan Hussein Kamel; Noha Abdel Fattah Elleboudy; Aml Nabil Hasan; Ibrahim Rabea Ali; Omnia Sobhi Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s12639-023-01583-w

Nano magnetic-based ELISA and nano magnetic-based latex agglutination test for diagnosis of experimental trichinellosis

J Parasit Dis. 2023 Jun;47(2):400-409. doi: 10.1007/s12639-023-01583-w. Epub 2023 Apr 16.

Authors

Hanan Hussein Kamel¹, Noha Abdel Fattah Elleboudy¹, Aml Nabil Hasan¹, Ibrahim Rabea Ali², Omnia Sobhi Mohammad¹

Affiliations

¹ Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
² Parasitology Department, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Human trichinellosis is a worldwide foodborne public health threat. Detecting circulating antigens of Trichinella spiralis "T. spiralis" allows for an early diagnosis before larval encystation develops in skeletal muscles. For the first time, the present study aimed to formulate an effective nanomagnetic beads based-ELISA and -latex agglutination test (NMB-ELISA and NMB-LAT) to recognize T. spiralis adult worm crude extract antigen (AWCEA) in sera of experimentally infected mice. The study included thirty-eight mice classified into 3 groups; T. spiralis-infected group (GI) which was euthanized 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 days post-infection (dpi), other parasitic infections group (GII) and healthy control group (GIII). Rabbit anti-T. spiralis polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) were utilized to detect AWCEA in serum samples by sandwich ELISA, NMB-ELISA, and NMB-LAT. Using NMB-ELISA, AWCEA was detected in sera collected at 6 and 8 dpi, with a sensitivity of 50% and 75%, respectively, and a specificity of 100%. Whereas, sandwich ELISA and NMB-LAT couldn't detect the antigen at the same time intervals. Both ELISA formats were able to detect the antigen in samples collected at 10, 12, and 14 dpi with a sensitivity of 100% for NMB-ELISA and 25%, 75%, and 100% respectively, for sandwich-ELISA. Yet, NMB-LAT couldn't detect AWCEA until 12 dpi with a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 75%. In conclusion, NMB-ELISA is a promising sensitive tool for early and specific diagnosis of acute trichinellosis. The use of NMB-LAT could be a helpful screening procedure in field surveys.

Keywords: Crude extract antigen; ELISA; Latex agglutination; Nanomagnetic beads; Trichinella spiralis.

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